冷再生混合料强度形成是渐进过程，受材料、工艺和环境影响，分物理固结、化学反应与强度稳定三阶段，相互关联决定终强度。

　　The formation of strength in cold recycled mixtures is a gradual process, influenced by materials, processes, and environments. It is divided into three stages: physical consolidation, chemical reaction, and strength stability, which are interrelated to determine the final strength.

　　物理固结阶段为 1-7 天，是强度形成基础。通过机械压实让混合料颗粒紧密排列，空隙率从 20%-25% 降 10%-15%，颗粒嵌挤形成初步骨架。轮胎压路机揉搓使细集料填充间隙，振动压路机（25-30Hz）促进颗粒重排增强密实度。适量水（比含水率高 1%-2%）润滑集料，过量易成 “橡皮土”。乳化或泡沫沥青水分蒸发，沥青微粒在集料表面聚结形成薄膜，初步粘结颗粒。此时早期强度（7 天无侧限抗压强度）依赖物理嵌挤，达 0.5-1.0MPa。

　　The physical consolidation stage lasts for 1-7 days and is the foundation for strength formation. By mechanical compaction, the particles of the mixture are tightly arranged, and the porosity is reduced from 20% -25% to 10% -15%, forming a preliminary skeleton through particle interlocking. The tire roller rubs and fills the gaps with fine aggregate, while the vibrating roller (25-30Hz) promotes particle rearrangement and enhances compactness. An appropriate amount of water (1% -2% higher than the optimal moisture content) can lubricate the aggregate, and excessive water can easily form "rubber soil". Water in emulsified or foam asphalt evaporates, and asphalt particles coalesce on the aggregate surface to form a film, initially bonding particles. At this point, the early strength (7-day unconfined compressive strength) depends on physical interlocking, reaching 0.5-1.0 MPa.

　　化学反应阶段 7-28 天，是强度提升关键。水分进一步蒸发，化学作用主导强度增长。水泥或石灰等添加剂与水反应生成水化产物（硅酸钙凝胶、氢氧化钙晶体），填充间隙并与集料表面形成化学键，增强整体性。乳化沥青 3-5 天破乳后形成连续沥青膜，与水化产物构成复合胶结体系 —— 水化产物提供抗压强度，沥青膜提升抗变形能力。需保持湿度≥60%，可覆盖薄膜或每天洒水 2-3 次。28 天时，无侧限抗压强度达 1.5-3.0MPa，劈裂强度 0.2-0.5MPa，满足基层承载要求。

　　The chemical reaction stage lasts for 7-28 days, which is the key to strength enhancement. Water evaporates further, and chemical reactions dominate the increase in strength. Additives such as cement or lime react with water to generate hydration products (calcium silicate gel, calcium hydroxide crystal), fill the gaps and form chemical bonds with the aggregate surface to enhance the integrity. After 3-5 days of demulsification, emulsified asphalt forms a continuous asphalt film, which forms a composite bonding system with hydration products - hydration products provide compressive strength, and the asphalt film enhances its ability to resist deformation. It is necessary to maintain a humidity of ≥ 60% and can be covered with a film or sprayed with water 2-3 times a day. At 28 days, the unconfined compressive strength reached 1.5-3.0 MPa, and the splitting strength was 0.2-0.5 MPa, meeting the requirements for bearing capacity of the base layer.

　　强度稳定阶段从 28 天持续数月数年，强度增长平缓，表现为结构致密化与性能优化。水化反应持续，产物填充剩余空隙（空隙率≤8%），干密度增加 1%-3%。沥青膜随温度变化老化，硬度略增，与集料粘结力缓慢增强。环境影响长期强度：干燥环境需定期补水（尤其夏季）；冻融循环（-10℃ 20℃）可能产生冻胀应力，需保证抗冻性（25 次循环后强度损失≤20%）。3 个月后强度基本稳定（波动≤5%），整体具备抗变形、抗疲劳能力，基层顶面弯沉值控制在 20-40（0.01mm）。

　　The stable strength stage lasts from 28 days for several months to several years, with a gradual increase in strength, manifested as structural densification and performance optimization. The hydration reaction continues, and the product fills the remaining voids (void ratio ≤ 8%), increasing the dry density by 1% -3%. The asphalt film ages with temperature changes, with a slight increase in hardness and a slow increase in bonding strength with aggregates. Long term intensity of environmental impact: Dry environments require regular hydration (especially in summer); Freeze thaw cycles (-10 ℃ to 20 ℃) may generate frost heave stress, and it is necessary to ensure frost resistance (strength loss ≤ 20% after 25 cycles). After 3 months, the strength is basically stable (fluctuation ≤ 5%), and the overall ability to resist deformation and fatigue is achieved. The deflection value of the top surface of the base layer is controlled at 20-40 (0.01mm).

　　三阶段协同决定终性能：物理固结为化学反应提供密实基础，化学反应强化颗粒连接，强度稳定阶段巩固优化性能。施工中需把控各阶段关键：压实度保证物理嵌挤充分，养护条件确保化学反应完全，后期环境管理延长强度稳定期，使冷再生混合料满足道路基层要求，平衡资源循环与工程性能。

　　The three-stage synergy determines the final performance: physical consolidation provides a dense foundation for chemical reactions, chemical reactions strengthen particle connections, and the strength stabilization stage consolidates and optimizes performance. During construction, it is necessary to control the key aspects of each stage: ensuring sufficient physical compaction, maintaining complete chemical reactions, extending the strength stability period through environmental management in the later stage, and ensuring that the cold recycled mixture meets the requirements of the road base, balancing resource cycling and engineering performance.

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