在道路施工领域，冷再生机租赁业务日益红火，但其在低温环境与冻土、岩层等特殊地质条件下作业时，常面临诸多挑战。深刻了解设备低温启动限制，掌握应对特殊地质的有效方法，是租赁方与施工方顺利推进工程、保障设备运行的关键。

　　In the field of road construction, the leasing business of cold recycling machines is becoming increasingly popular, but they often face many challenges when operating in low-temperature environments and special geological conditions such as frozen soil and rock layers. A deep understanding of the low-temperature start-up limitations of equipment and effective methods for dealing with special geological conditions are key to the smooth progress of the project and the efficient operation of the equipment by both the lessee and the construction party.

　　一、掌握低温启动限制，为设备 “解冻” 赋能

　　1、 Master the low-temperature start limit and empower the device to 'thaw'

　　低温环境是冷再生机租赁面临的首要难题。当气温骤降，冷再生机的液压油会变得黏稠，流动性大幅降低，导致液压系统压力传导迟缓，设备启动后动作僵硬，难以正常进行铣刨、拌和等作业。发动机也会因低温受到影响，机油黏度增加使内部摩擦阻力增大，启动时需要消耗更多能量，若强行启动，可能加剧活塞、曲轴等部件的磨损；柴油在低温下易产生结蜡现象，堵塞油路，使发动机无法获得充足燃料供应，甚熄火。此外，电瓶在低温下的放电能力减弱，冷启动电流不足，可能导致设备无法正常点火。

　　Low temperature environment is the primary challenge faced by cold recycling machine leasing. When the temperature drops sharply, the hydraulic oil of the cold regeneration machine will become viscous and the fluidity will be greatly reduced, resulting in slow pressure transmission in the hydraulic system, stiff action after equipment startup, and difficulty in normal milling, mixing and other operations. The engine can also be affected by low temperatures, causing an increase in oil viscosity and internal friction resistance. It requires more energy to start, and if forced to start, it may exacerbate wear on components such as pistons and crankshafts; Diesel fuel is prone to wax formation at low temperatures, which can clog the fuel system and prevent the engine from receiving sufficient fuel supply, and even stall. In addition, the discharge capacity of the battery is weakened at low temperatures, and the cold start current is insufficient, which may cause the equipment to fail to ignite properly.

　　针对这些问题，租赁方在设备交付前需做好准备。提前更换适合低温环境的液压油、机油和柴油，选择低温流动性好的油品，如低凝点的液压油和添加抗凝剂的柴油；为设备加装保温装置，如使用保温棉包裹发动机舱、液压油箱等关键部位，减少热量散失。同时，配备预热设备，如电加热板、冷却液预热器，在启动前对设备进行预热，使液压油和发动机达到合适的工作温度，降低启动阻力。对于长期在低温环境作业的租赁设备，还需定期检查电瓶状态，及时充电或更换老化电瓶，确保启动电力充足。

　　In response to these issues, the lessee needs to make comprehensive preparations before delivering the equipment. Replace hydraulic oil, engine oil, and diesel suitable for low-temperature environments in advance, and choose oil with good low-temperature fluidity, such as hydraulic oil with low pour point and diesel with added anticoagulant; Install insulation devices for equipment, such as wrapping key parts such as the engine compartment and hydraulic oil tank with insulation cotton, to reduce heat loss. At the same time, preheating equipment such as electric heating plates and coolant preheaters are equipped to preheat the equipment before starting, so that the hydraulic oil and engine reach the appropriate working temperature and reduce starting resistance. For rental equipment that operates in low-temperature environments for a long time, it is necessary to regularly check the battery status, charge or replace aging batteries in a timely manner, and ensure sufficient starting power.

　　二、应对冻土阻碍，制定差异化施工策略

　　2、 Develop differentiated construction strategies to address permafrost obstacles

　　在冻土区域使用租赁的冷再生机施工，需充分考虑冻土的特性。冻土根据冻结时间分为季节冻土和多年冻土，其含冰量、硬度和稳定性差异显著。对于浅层的季节冻土，可在施工前采用物理加热的方式降低其硬度，如利用热风机、地热辐射等方法融化表层冻土，使冷再生机能够顺利铣刨；也可使用大功率的破碎设备对冻土进行预处理，将其破碎成小块后，再由冷再生机进行拌和作业。

　　When using leased cold recycling machines for construction in frozen soil areas, it is necessary to fully consider the characteristics of frozen soil. Frozen soil is divided into seasonal frozen soil and perennial frozen soil based on freezing time, with significant differences in ice content, hardness, and stability. For shallow seasonal frozen soil, physical heating can be used to reduce its hardness before construction, such as using hot air blowers, geothermal radiation, and other methods to melt the surface frozen soil, so that the cold recycling machine can smoothly mill it; High power crushing equipment can also be used to pre treat frozen soil, breaking it into small pieces and then mixing it with a cold recycling machine.

　　面对多年冻土，施工时要避免对其天然冻结状态造成过度破坏，防止出现融沉现象。可采用分段施工、快速作业的方式，减少设备在同一区域的停留时间，降低热量传递对冻土的影响。同时，在施工区域搭建临时保温棚，保持棚内低温环境，减缓冻土融化速度。此外，根据冻土的力学特性，合理调整冷再生机的作业参数，如降低铣刨深度、减慢行进速度，避免设备因负荷过大而损坏。

　　In the face of permafrost, excessive damage to its natural frozen state should be avoided during construction to prevent thaw settlement. Segmented construction and rapid operation can be adopted to reduce the dwell time of equipment in the same area and minimize the impact of heat transfer on frozen soil. At the same time, temporary insulation sheds should be built in the construction area to maintain a low temperature environment inside the sheds and slow down the rate of permafrost melting. In addition, based on the mechanical properties of frozen soil, adjust the operating parameters of the cold recycling machine reasonably, such as reducing the milling depth and slowing down the travel speed, to avoid equipment damage due to excessive load.

　　三、破解岩层困境，巧用技术与设备组合

　　3、 Cracking the rock formation dilemma by skillfully combining technology and equipment

　　岩层地质坚硬，普通的冷再生机难以直接进行铣刨作业。此时，需根据岩层的硬度和结构，采用多种技术手段配合施工。对于硬度较低的页岩、砂岩等岩层，可在冷再生机上加装液压破碎锤，利用破碎锤的高频冲击力将岩层击碎，再由冷再生机进行后续的铣刨、拌和；也可先用钻机在岩层上钻出密集的小孔，削弱岩层的整体性，降低冷再生机的作业难度。

　　The geological strata are hard, and ordinary cold recycling machines are difficult to directly carry out milling operations. At this point, multiple technical methods need to be used to coordinate construction based on the hardness and structure of the rock layers. For rock formations such as shale and sandstone with low hardness, hydraulic breakers can be installed on the cold recycling machine to use the high-frequency impact force of the breakers to crush the rock formations, and then the cold recycling machine can perform subsequent milling and mixing; Alternatively, a drilling rig can be used to drill dense small holes in the rock formation, weakening the integrity of the rock formation and reducing the difficulty of the cold recycling machine's operation.

　　针对花岗岩、玄武岩等硬度较高的岩层，则需采用爆破与冷再生机协同作业的方式。先由的爆破团队进行钻孔爆破，将岩层破碎成合适的块度，然后由冷再生机对爆破后的石料进行铣刨、破碎和拌和，制成再生混合料。在整个过程中，要严格控制爆破的范围和强度，确保冷再生机的；同时，根据爆破后的石料粒径，调整冷再生机的刀具间距和转速，保证再生效果。

　　For rock layers with high hardness such as granite and basalt, it is necessary to use a coordinated approach of blasting and cold regeneration. Firstly, a professional blasting team conducts drilling and blasting to break down the rock layers into suitable blocks. Then, a cold recycling machine mills, crushes, and mixes the blasted stone materials to produce a recycled mixture. Throughout the entire process, the scope and intensity of the blasting must be strictly controlled to ensure the safety of the cold regeneration machine; At the same time, according to the particle size of the blasted stone, adjust the tool spacing and speed of the cold recycling machine to ensure the recycling effect.

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