采用传统的施工工艺对公路进行养护，不仅增加了废料外运成本，还会因为处理不当而造成环境污染。而采用废旧沥青路面材料再生技术，不仅可以避免废弃材料堆放对土地的占用和环境的污染，还可以减少对石料、沥青、水泥的需求，降低筑养路成本。就地冷再生作为一种较为成熟的绿色公路维修改造技术，具有简化施工工艺、节约材料、缩短工期和降低成本等多个优势，已经广泛应用于国内多种道路的维修改造中。

　　Using traditional construction techniques for highway maintenance not only increases the cost of waste transportation, but also causes environmental pollution due to improper handling. Adopting the recycling technology of waste asphalt pavement materials can not only avoid the occupation of land and environmental pollution caused by the stacking of waste materials, but also reduce the demand for stone, asphalt, and cement, and lower the cost of road construction and maintenance. As a mature green road maintenance and renovation technology, on-site cold recycling has multiple advantages such as simplifying construction processes, saving materials, shortening construction periods, and reducing costs. It has been widely used in the maintenance and renovation of various roads in China.

　　目前，国内市场上就地冷再生机(以下简称冷再生机)众多，既有国外知名维特根、宝马格、卡特彼勒和特雷克斯，又有国内徐工筑路、山东德工等。那么这些的冷再生机使用状况如何？它们都有哪些优势和不足？能否与目前的施工工艺完全适应？设备厂商应该如何对其进行改进与提升以适应市场需求？对此我们邀请几位对此进行探讨。

　　At present, there are numerous brands of on-site cold recycling machines (hereinafter referred to as cold recycling machines) in the domestic market, including well-known foreign brands such as Wittgen, BMW, Caterpillar, and Terex, as well as domestic brands such as XCMG Road Construction and Shandong Degong. So what is the usage status of these brands' cold recycling machines? What are their advantages and disadvantages? Can it fully adapt to the current construction technology? How should equipment manufacturers improve and enhance them to meet market demand? We have invited several experts to discuss this matter.

　　沥青路面再生技术如何分类？目前国内市场上有哪些就地冷再生机？各市场分布状況怎样？产品与服务口碑如何？

　　How to classify asphalt pavement recycling technology? What brands of on-site cold recycling machines are currently available in the domestic market? What is the market distribution of each brand? What is the reputation of the product and service?

　　王在林：沥青路面冷再生技术就是在常温下将旧沥青路面破碎，与新集料、新粘结剂等按一定比例拌和成新的混合料，并重新铺筑于路面的一整套工艺。冷再生技术可分为厂拌冷再生和就地冷再生2种。就地冷再生是通过大型现场再生设备对旧路面进行破碎、添加新粘结剂、拌和、摊铺的施工工艺。

　　Wang Zailin: The cold recycling technology for asphalt pavement is a complete set of processes that break the old asphalt pavement at room temperature, mix it with new aggregates, new binders, etc. in a certain proportion to form a new mixture, and re pave it on the pavement. Cold recycling technology can be divided into two types: factory mixed cold recycling and on-site cold recycling. On site cold recycling is a construction process that uses large-scale on-site recycling equipment to crush old road surfaces, add new binders, mix, and spread them.

　　1986年，维特根履带式2000CR型冷再生机诞生，将经济的冷再生技术引入路面养护行业。1998年，维特根将沥青路面就地冷再生工艺引入国内，经过10多年在高速公路、省道干线、农村公路和市政道路的成功应用，目前已经成为各等级公路大中修采用的标准维护方案。

　　In 1986, the Wittgen track type 2000CR cold recycling machine was born, introducing economical and environmentally friendly cold recycling technology into the road maintenance industry. In 1998, Wittgen introduced the in-situ cold recycling process of asphalt pavement into China. After more than 10 years of successful application in highways, provincial highways, rural roads, and municipal roads, it has now become a standard maintenance plan adopted for major and medium repairs of various levels of highways.

　　曹军想：沥青路面的就地冷再生工艺，按破碎材料可分为沥青层就地冷再生和全深式就地冷再生。仅对沥青材料层进行再生的称为沥青层就地冷再生。对沥青层及部分基层进行再生，或是将沥青层部分或全部移除后对下承层进行再生的称为全深式就地冷再生。按照添加剂的不同，就地冷再生可分为水泥就地冷再生、泡沫沥青就地冷再生、乳化沥青就地冷再生等。

　　Cao Jun thought: The on-site cold recycling process for asphalt pavement can be divided into on-site cold recycling of asphalt layer and full depth on-site cold recycling according to the crushed materials. The process of regenerating only the asphalt material layer is called in-situ cold regeneration of the asphalt layer. The process of regenerating the asphalt layer and some of the base layer, or regenerating the underlying layer after partially or completely removing the asphalt layer, is called full depth in-situ cold regeneration. According to different additives, on-site cold recycling can be divided into cement on-site cold recycling, foam asphalt on-site cold recycling, emulsified asphalt on-site cold recycling, etc.

　　我公司在就地冷再生领域已经有10多年的施工经验，在多个省市都有过项目。据我们对市场上目前保有设备的感受，维特根冷再生产品的保有量处于优势。维特根在沥青路面再生领域有很长的发展史，其再生设备在市场上久经考验并得到客户高度认可，是非常成熟的技术和产品。同时在多年的经验积淀中，根据客户的反馈还不断进行技术革新和产品升级。

　　Our company has over 10 years of construction experience in the field of on-site cold recycling, with projects in multiple provinces and cities. Based on our perception of the current equipment in the market, the inventory of Wittgen cold recycling products is in an absolute advantage. Wittgen has a long history of development in the field of asphalt pavement regeneration. Its regeneration equipment has been tested and highly recognized by customers in the market, and is a very mature technology and product. At the same time, based on years of experience accumulation, we continuously carry out technological innovation and product upgrades according to customer feedback.

　　冷再生施工对施工工艺要求较高，工艺设计、施工中的设备操作和质量控制都很重要，设备厂商只有提供真正快速且的支持，才能赢得用户的口碑。在10多年的设备使用过程中，维特根的服务团队给我们提供了的技术支撑和快捷的服务响应。

　　Cold recycling construction requires high construction technology, and process design, equipment operation, and quality control during construction are all important. Equipment manufacturers can only win the reputation of users by providing truly fast and professional support. Over the course of more than 10 years of equipment use, Wittgen's service team has provided us with professional technical support and quick service response.

　　顾海荣：就地冷再生机是就地冷再生施工的核心设备，在我国使用的就地冷再生机主流机型有维特根公司的WR2500S、WR250、卡特彼勒公司的RM500、宝马格公司的MPH600、徐工集团的XLZ250以及山东德工的DGL600等。维特根公司是就地冷再生技术的和，其产品以高可靠性、优异的作业质量和多功能性著称，且有成熟的就地冷再生施工工艺和遍及全球的众多成功案例，在市场占有率处于水平。其他公司的产品也有部分销售，但尚未形成规模。

　　Gu Hairong: The on-site cold recycling machine is the core equipment for on-site cold recycling construction. The mainstream models of on-site cold recycling machines used in China include Wirtgen's WR2500S and WR250, Caterpillar's RM500, BMW's MPH600, XCMG's XLZ250, and Shandong Degong's DGL600. Wittgen Corporation is a leader and promoter of on-site cold recycling technology in China. Its products are known for high reliability, excellent operational quality, and multifunctionality, and have mature on-site cold recycling construction processes and numerous successful cases worldwide. Its market share in China is at an absolute leading level. Other companies' products are also partially sold, but have not yet formed a scale.

　　在产品可靠性、系统配置、作业性能、操控性能、施工效果和应用范围等方面，国产设备与国外知名有哪些差距？

　　What are the gaps between domestic equipment and well-known foreign brands in terms of product reliability, system configuration, operational performance, handling performance, construction effectiveness, and application scope?

　　顾海荣：国内就地冷再生机与国外知名的差距主要表现在以下2点：一是整机性能有差距。国产就地冷再生机的电控系统、液压系统元件配套与国外产品在同一技术水平，但控制算法和软件设计水平落后，由此导致机器操作的灵活性和可靠性较差，非工作时间长，作业效率低。

　　Gu Hairong: The gap between domestic on-site cold recycling machines and well-known foreign brands is mainly reflected in the following two points: first, there is a difference in overall performance. The electronic control system and hydraulic system components of domestically produced on-site cold regeneration machines are at the same technical level as foreign products, but the control algorithm and software design level are outdated, resulting in poor flexibility and reliability of machine operation, long non working hours, and low operational efficiency.

　　维特根、卡特彼勒等知名公司均有自己独有的转子和刀具设计制造技术，转子铣拌阻力小，刀具磨损速度慢且更换方便。国内一些厂家选用凯南麦特转子和刀具，弥补了自身转子和刀具设计制造能力的不足，同样能够获得较好的作业性能。部分厂家采用的自行设计的转子，由于技术尚不成熟而影响了铣拌均匀性和生产率。

　　Well known companies such as Wittgen and Caterpillar have their own unique rotor and tool design and manufacturing technologies. The rotor milling and mixing resistance is low, the tool wear speed is slow, and it is easy to replace. Some domestic manufacturers choose Kennamette rotors and cutting tools to make up for their own shortcomings in rotor and tool design and manufacturing capabilities, and can also achieve good operational performance. Some manufacturers use self-designed rotors, which affect milling uniformity and productivity due to immature technology.

　　国内一般厂家采用液压缸支撑转子和转子室，通过液压缸伸缩或摆动控制铣拌深度。国外维特根公司就地冷再生机转子升降，通过4个轮胎支腿液压缸的升降控制，转子与就地冷再生机的机身固接在一起，转子室空间可根据铣拌深度自动调整。这种布置形式具有刚度良好，拌合效率、拌合质量较高，相关磨损较小，且因为没有相对运动，沥青、水等输送管路布置简单、可靠。

　　Domestic manufacturers generally use hydraulic cylinders to support rotors and rotor chambers, and control milling and mixing depth through hydraulic cylinder expansion or swing. The rotor of the on-site cold regeneration machine of foreign brand Wittgen Company is lifted and lowered through the control of four tire leg hydraulic cylinders. The rotor is fixedly connected to the body of the on-site cold regeneration machine, and the rotor chamber space can be automatically adjusted according to the milling and mixing depth. This arrangement has good rigidity, high mixing efficiency and quality, minimal wear and tear, and because there is no relative motion, the layout of asphalt, water and other conveying pipelines is simple and reliable.

　　目前，就地冷再生机的转子驱动以传动效率较高的皮带传动和链条传动为主。维特根就地冷再生机转子传动系统有多达12个速比可供选择，可以满足不同路面的再生需求。宝马格公司的铣刨转子采用液压驱动，转速可以无级调节，与行走速度匹配，能够保证再生料级配的稳定。国产设备的研发大多基于中置式路拌机技术，以国外机型为蓝本，在参数上力求与国外保持一致，转子以皮带驱动为主但速比固定不可调整。部分就地冷再生机转子采用液压驱动，但未能实现转子与行走速度合理匹配。

　　At present, the rotor drive of on-site cold regeneration machines is mainly driven by belt drive and chain drive with high transmission efficiency. The rotor transmission system of the Wittgen on-site cold regeneration machine has up to 12 speed ratios to choose from, which can meet the regeneration needs of different road surfaces. The milling rotor of BMW AG is driven by hydraulic pressure, and the speed can be infinitely adjusted to match the walking speed, ensuring the stability of the gradation of recycled materials. The research and development of domestic equipment is mostly based on the technology of mid mounted road mixers, using advanced foreign models as blueprints, striving to maintain consistency in parameters with foreign ones. The rotor is mainly driven by a belt, but the speed ratio is fixed and cannot be adjusted. Some of the on-site cold regeneration machine rotors are driven by hydraulic pressure, but it has not been possible to achieve a reasonable match between the rotor and the walking speed.

　　维特根就地冷再生机采用4支腿升降的模式，控制铣拌深度及横坡，方便且精度高。4个支腿升降控制模式与全液压四轮独立驱动液压系统相配合，使得其产品具有更好的附着力，驱动性能出色。相比采用后桥驱动或后桥加前轮驱动的国产就地冷再生机，维特根产品更能充分利用冷再生附着质量，容易发挥牵引力，具有更高的驱动效率。

　　The Wittgen on-site cold recycling machine adopts a four leg lifting mode to control the milling depth and cross slope, which is convenient and highly accurate. The combination of four leg lifting control modes and a fully hydraulic four-wheel independent drive hydraulic system gives the product better adhesion and excellent driving performance. Compared to domestic on-site cold regeneration machines that use rear axle drive or rear axle plus front wheel drive, Wittgen products can better utilize the cold regeneration adhesion quality, easily exert maximum traction, and have higher driving efficiency.

　　二是工况适应广度不足。国外就地冷再生机型谱较全，适应工况能力更强。以维特根就地冷再生机为例，其铣拌作业宽度范围为2~4.2m，部分机型带有铣刨收料功能(用作铣刨机)和摊铺功能(可对再生料进行摊铺，不需要平地机进行辅助摊铺)。所有型号维特根就地冷再生机如WR250能一机两用，既可以作为冷再生机使用，也可以作为土壤稳定机使用。国产就地冷再生机相对而言，功能和作业宽度均相对单一，带摊铺功能的冷再生机目前尚未出现。

　　The second issue is insufficient adaptability to working conditions. Foreign brands have a wider range of on-site cold recycling models and stronger adaptability to working conditions. Taking the Wittgen on-site cold recycling machine as an example, its milling and mixing operation width range is 2~4.2m. Some models have milling and material receiving functions (used as milling machines) and paving functions (can spread recycled materials without the need for a grader for auxiliary paving). All models of Wirtgen on-site cold recycling machines, such as WR250, can be used as both cold recycling machines and soil stabilization machines. Compared to domestic on-site cold recycling machines, their functions and operating widths are relatively single, and cold recycling machines with paving functions have not yet appeared.

　　国外就地冷再生机通常设计有更深的铣刨拌和深度和更快的作业速度，具有更高的生产率，能够胜任多种公路及城市道路的施工效率要求。在粘结剂喷洒方面，同产就地冷再生机一般只能喷洒乳化沥青或水泥稀浆。国外就地冷再生机除了能喷洒上述粘结剂外，还可以喷洒性能更好、应用前景更大的泡沫沥青。

　　Foreign on-site cold recycling machines are usually designed with deeper milling and mixing depths and faster operating speeds, which have higher productivity and can meet the construction efficiency requirements of various highways and urban roads. In terms of adhesive spraying, on-site cold recycling machines produced by the same company can generally only spray emulsified asphalt or cement slurry. In addition to spraying the above binders, foreign cold in place recycling machines can also spray foam asphalt with better performance and greater application prospects.

　　曹军想：总体来看，进口无论可靠性、作业效率和人性化方面都具有较大优势，在此仅对我熟悉的维特根产品谈一下感受。维特根冷再生机均产自于德同，品质非常好，而且可靠度非常高，这不仅极大提高了设备在应用过程中的流畅性、连续性和施工效率，同时也可以有效缩短了施工周期，降低了施工成本。

　　Cao Jun thought: Overall, imported brands have significant advantages in terms of reliability, operational efficiency, and humanization. Here, I would like to share my feelings about the Wittgen products that I am familiar with. The Wittgen cold recycling machines are all produced in Detong, with excellent quality and high reliability. This not only greatly improves the smoothness, continuity, and construction efficiency of the equipment during application, but also effectively shortens the construction period and reduces construction costs.

　　维特根的核心技术之一是强大的切削技术，体现到就地冷再生设备上自然是表现优异的铣刨与拌和，生产效率自然也毋庸置疑。同时设备不断升级，动力性良好，在智能化程度上和操控性能上，都有出众表现。在自动化方面，国产设备应该多学习。

　　One of Wirtgen's core technologies is powerful cutting technology, which is reflected in the excellent milling and mixing performance of on-site cold recycling equipment, and the production efficiency is beyond doubt. At the same time, the equipment is constantly upgrading, with good power performance and outstanding performance in terms of intelligence and handling performance. In terms of automation, domestic equipment should learn more.

　　除此之外，国产设备在产品型谱、功能广度、人性化和智能化方面也亟待提升。大多数国产就地冷再生机型谱单一，国外进口知名机型较多，如维特根公司有WR2000XL、WR200、WR250、2200CR和WR4200等多种型号可供选择。还有就是部分国产就地冷再生机的再生功能不全，只能从事粘结剂为水泥、石灰的再生工艺，而不具备粘结剂为乳化沥青和泡沫沥青的再生能力。

　　In addition, domestic equipment urgently needs to be improved in terms of product spectrum, functional breadth, humanization, and intelligence. Most domestically produced on-site cold recycling models have a single spectrum, while there are many imported well-known brand models from abroad. For example, Wittgen has multiple models to choose from, such as WR2000XL, WR200, WR250, 2200CR, and WR4200. In addition, some domestic cold in place recycling machines do not have complete recycling function, and can only engage in the recycling process with cement and lime as binders, but do not have the recycling ability with emulsified asphalt and foam asphalt as binders.

　　在人性化设计方面，国产产品考虑的不是很周到，国外知名在这方面做得较为出色。如WR250配装全视野玻璃窗、诸多可视镜和摄像头，可使驾驶员作业时身心愉悦。该产品配有的智能可视倒车辅助系统，便于时刻监视施工进程。符合人机工程学的机手座椅，可以完全根据操作手的不同体型进行调节，确保机手长时间操控机器的舒适。

　　In terms of humanized design, domestic products are not very thoughtful, while well-known foreign brands have done better in this regard. If the WR250 is equipped with full field of view glass windows, numerous visual mirrors, and cameras, it can provide drivers with physical and mental pleasure while working. The product is equipped with an intelligent visual reversing assistance system, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the construction process. The ergonomic operator seat can be fully adjusted according to the different body types of the operator, ensuring comfort for the operator to operate the machine for a long time.

　　就地冷再生工艺有哪些局限性？市场上的冷再生机能否与目前的施工工艺相适应？设备制造厂商应该如何进行改进与提升？

　　What are the limitations of on-site cold recycling process? Can the cold revival in the market be adapted to the current construction technology? How should equipment manufacturers improve and enhance?

　　曹军想：目前来看，有3种路况不适合采用就地冷再生工艺：一是对要求高的城市道路。对城市道路进行冷再生会引起路面高程变化，由此导致后续相关工艺变得复杂，为此国内外均采用不多。二是弯沉值较大、总体状况较差的路面。三是已经经过多次维护，材料级配不太稳定的路面。这3种状况仅是与和设备本身性能有关，其余均是工艺本身局限性造成的。

　　Cao Jun thought: Currently, there are three road conditions that are not suitable for on-site cold recycling technology: the first is urban roads with high environmental requirements. Cold recycling of urban roads can cause changes in road surface elevation, which makes subsequent related processes more complex. Therefore, it is not widely used both domestically and internationally. The second is the road surface with a large deflection value and poor overall condition. The third is the road surface that has undergone multiple maintenance and the material grading is not very stable. These three conditions are only related to environmental protection and the performance of the equipment itself, while the rest are caused by the limitations of the process itself.

　　仅从工况适应性方面来讲，国产设备的粘结剂喷洒不尽如人意。部分国产冷再生机采用人工手动调节水、粘结剂等液体添加量，由此导致喷洒量不易控制，影响施工质量。而进口知名像维特根冷再生机采用微机高精度控制水、粘结剂的添加，施工质量较高。无论国内产品还是国外产品，在铣拌过程中不可避免地会产生一定的浮尘问题。建议各主机厂商在确保粘结剂添加精度的基础上，加大转子系统密封性能研发力度，进一步降低浮尘对周围环境的影响。

　　From the perspective of adaptability to working conditions alone, the adhesive spraying of domestic brand equipment is not satisfactory. Some domestic cold recycling machines use manual adjustment of the amount of liquid added such as water and binder, which makes it difficult to control the spraying amount and affects the construction quality. And well-known imported brands such as Wittgen cold recycling machines use high-precision microcomputer control of water and binder addition, resulting in higher construction quality. Whether domestic or foreign products, there will inevitably be some floating dust problems during the milling and mixing process. It is recommended that all host manufacturers increase their research and development efforts on the sealing performance of rotor systems while ensuring the accuracy of adhesive addition, in order to further reduce the impact of floating dust on the surrounding environment.

　　顾海荣：根据我国现行的沥青路面再生技术规范，就地冷再生施工速度以4~10m/nin为宜。就地冷再生机作业时铣拌功率消耗较大，其实际施工速度远低于工作速度。若按照规范的速度进行施工，将造成就地冷再生机液压系统效率低下，作业稳定性和铣拌均匀性下降。为此建议设备制造厂商应根据规范要求，合理配置就地冷再生机行走液压系统参数，以保证规范工作速度范围内的作业稳定性。

　　Gu Hairong: According to the current technical specifications for asphalt pavement recycling in China, the on-site cold recycling construction speed should be 4-10m/nin. The milling and mixing power consumption of the on-site cold recycling machine is relatively high, and its actual construction speed is much lower than the recommended working speed. If the construction is carried out at the recommended speed according to the specifications, it will result in low efficiency of the hydraulic system of the on-site cold recycling machine, and a decrease in operational stability and milling uniformity. Therefore, it is recommended that equipment manufacturers should reasonably configure the parameters of the hydraulic system for the on-site cold regeneration machine according to the specifications, in order to ensure the stability of the operation within the recommended working speed range.

　　就地冷再生在国内主要用于全厚度再生，再生料也主要用于基层。这虽然解决了旧沥青混合料的再利用问题，但并没有真正实现旧沥青混合料再生和利用。铣刨转子转速固定与功率自适应控制下的行走速度无级调节，会在一定程度上破坏再生料级配，造成石料的过度破碎，使再生基层的承载能力降低。

　　In situ cold recycling is mainly used for full thickness recycling in China, and recycled materials are also mainly used for the base layer. Although this solves the problem of reusing old asphalt mixtures, it does not truly achieve the regeneration and efficient utilization of old asphalt mixtures. The stepless adjustment of walking speed under fixed milling rotor speed and power adaptive control will to some extent damage the grading of recycled materials, causing excessive crushing of stone materials and reducing the bearing capacity of the recycled base layer.

　　因此，设备厂商应从合理匹配发动力动力、铣刨转子转速与行走速度等角度出发，尽可能减少对石料的破碎，从而提高再生基层的常在能力，降低新石料的添加量。

　　Therefore, equipment manufacturers should start from the perspective of reasonable matching of power generation, milling rotor speed, and walking speed, in order to minimize the crushing of stone materials as much as possible, thereby improving the permanent capacity of the regenerated base layer and reducing the amount of new stone materials added.

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