在沥青路面的长期使用过程中，由于受到天气变化、水分渗透、车辆荷载等多种因素的共同作用，路面往往会出现多种病害。针对这些病害问题，采用冷再生机械设备可以在常温条件下对沥青路面进行破碎和铣刨处理。处理完毕后，通过向破碎后的沥青材料中添加再生材料并进行拌和、摊铺和碾压等工序，可以制备出新的路面基层或面层。在工程实践中，可以根据具体需求调整新面层或基层的性能参数。与传统路面维修技术相比，就地冷再生技术无需大量消耗沥青、砂石等基础材料，大部分原料可从原工程道路中回收利用，从而实现了材料的循环再利用，显著降低了施工活动对周边环境的负面影响，因此该技术具有显著的应用前景。

　　During the long-term use of asphalt pavement, various diseases often occur due to the combined effects of weather changes, moisture infiltration, vehicle loads, and other factors. In response to these disease issues, cold recycling mechanical equipment can be used to crush and mill asphalt pavement at room temperature. After processing, a new pavement base or surface layer can be prepared by adding recycled materials to the crushed asphalt material and carrying out processes such as mixing, paving, and rolling. In engineering practice, the performance parameters of the new surface layer or base layer can be adjusted according to specific needs. Compared with traditional road maintenance techniques, on-site cold recycling technology does not require a large amount of basic materials such as asphalt and sand, and most of the raw materials can be recycled from the original engineering road, thus achieving material recycling and significantly reducing the negative impact of construction activities on the surrounding environment. Therefore, this technology has significant application prospects.

　　近年来，我国城镇化进程显著加快，伴随而来的是一些农村地区早期建设的沥青路面道路逐渐暴露出多种病害问题，迫切需要采取有效措施进行修复。基于此背景，本文对农村公路工程中就地冷再生技术的应用流程及其质量控制策略进行分析，旨在为同类工程实践提供参考。

　　In recent years, China's urbanization process has significantly accelerated, accompanied by the gradual exposure of various disease problems on asphalt pavement roads built in some rural areas in the early stages, which urgently require effective measures for repair. Based on this background, this article analyzes the application process and quality control strategy of on-site cold recycling technology in rural road engineering, aiming to provide reference for similar engineering practices.

　　1工程概况

　　1. Project Overview

　　某地区两乡镇间建设有一条设计等级为三级的农村公路，公路全长共计10.5km，所在区域为平原微丘区域，道路设置目的主要在于方便乡村居民运输、经济作物和农作物，道路除主体结构外还设置有小桥、板涵、管涵等。公路工程前期设计主要结构包含沥青混凝土、水泥稳定碎石、12%和10%石灰稳定土，厚度分别为6、16、16、16cm，部分特殊路段所在区域相对复杂。

　　There is a rural road with a design grade of Grade III built between two townships in a certain area. The total length of the road is 10.5km, located in a plain and hilly area. The purpose of the road is mainly to facilitate the transportation and trading of economic crops and crops for rural residents. In addition to the main structure, the road is also equipped with small bridges, slab culverts, pipe culverts, etc. The preliminary design of highway engineering mainly includes asphalt concrete, cement stabilized crushed stone, 12% and 10% lime stabilized soil, with thicknesses of 6, 16, 16, and 16cm respectively. Some special sections are located in relatively complex areas.

　　案例工程所在区域地势平坦，以历史上黄河淤积产生的河漫滩为主，其中地质结构上层主要为河流冲积物，下层包含大量粉质黏土，气候方面雨季长达5个月，雨季期间地下水水位会出现明显波动。该农村公路日常通行车辆主要为小型车辆，包含中型货车、二轮摩托车和小型客车等，鲜有拖挂车、大客车等大型车辆通行。虽然通行车辆主要为中小型车辆，但车辆满载率较高，载重较大，因而也对公路质量产生了一定负面影响。

　　The area where the case project is located has a flat terrain, mainly consisting of river floodplains generated by historical Yellow River siltation. The geological structure is mainly composed of river alluvial deposits in the upper layer, and a large amount of silty clay in the lower layer. In terms of climate, the rainy season lasts for 5 months, during which the groundwater level will fluctuate significantly. The daily traffic on this rural road is mainly small vehicles, including medium-sized trucks, motorcycles, and small passenger cars, with few large vehicles such as trailers and buses passing through. Although the main vehicles on the road are small and medium-sized vehicles, their high load capacity and heavy load have a certain negative impact on the quality of the road.

　　2病害分析

　　2 Disease analysis

　　该农村公路在工程的前期设计与建设阶段，所采用的施工工艺较为陈旧，施工设备简陋，且所使用的建筑材料存在一定的质量缺陷，这导致了公路建成后的整体质量水平较低。特别是在雨季，该工程频繁出现路面层沉降现象，部分沉降路段的沉降值甚达到了45mm。相关管理部门对公路的病害进行了分析，结果显示，该工程的稳定性已经无法满足现行工程规范的要求。进一步研究发现，前期施工阶段所制定的材料级配方案存在一定的不合理性。在公路投入运营后，由于车辆载重较大、满载率较高，对路面施加了超出预期的荷载，导致公路在运营一年后便逐渐出现了车辙痕迹，其中车辙深处可达35mm左右。在车辆荷载、外界温度、雨季降水等多种因素的共同作用下，沥青路面的强度显著降低，同时伴随着弹性减弱等问题。部分路段已经出现了龟裂、反射裂缝等病害，在水分长期浸泡下，这些病害区域逐渐发展成为坑槽。通过钻芯取样发现，基层与面层之间的连接效果已经显著减弱，若不及时进行处理，极易引发翻浆等问题。鉴于案例工程中公路的基层与面层均遭受了不同程度的损害，本研究考虑采用全深度就地冷再生技术对基层与面层进行铣刨处理，通过将回收的废料与稳定剂等材料混合均匀并拌和，形成新的沥青路面。

　　In the early design and construction stage of the rural road project, the construction technology used was relatively outdated, the construction equipment was simple, and the building materials used had certain quality defects, which resulted in a low overall quality level of the road after completion. Especially during the rainy season, the project frequently experiences pavement layer settlement, with the maximum settlement value of some settlement sections even reaching 45mm. Relevant management departments have analyzed the diseases of the highway, and the results show that the stability of the project can no longer meet the requirements of current engineering standards. Further research has found that the material grading scheme formulated during the early construction stage has certain irrationality. After the highway was put into operation, due to the large load capacity and high full load rate of vehicles, unexpected loads were applied to the road surface, resulting in the gradual appearance of ruts on the highway after one year of operation, with the deepest ruts reaching about 35mm. Under the combined action of various factors such as vehicle load, external temperature, and rainy season precipitation, the strength of asphalt pavement significantly decreases, accompanied by problems such as reduced elasticity. Some sections of the road have already developed cracks, reflection cracks, and other diseases. After being soaked in water for a long time, these disease areas have gradually developed into potholes. Through core sampling, it was found that the connection effect between the base layer and the surface layer has significantly weakened. If not treated in a timely manner, it is highly likely to cause problems such as slurry boiling. Given that the base and surface layers of the highway in the case project have suffered varying degrees of damage, this study considers using full depth in-situ cold recycling technology to mill and treat the base and surface layers. By mixing the recycled waste materials with stabilizers and other materials evenly and thoroughly, a new asphalt pavement is formed.

　　3就地冷再生施工

　　3. On site cold recycling construction

　　3.1就地冷再生工艺流程

　　3.1 On site cold regeneration process flow

　　，必须对既有路面进行初步处理，确保其表面清洁；随后执行铣刨作业，破碎既有路面及其基层，将预先准备的水泥和新集料动态连续地加入旧料中并进行充分拌和，以制备再生混合料，摊铺后对表面进行整形处理，完成碾压作业后即可成型；结合常规路面养护方法进行养护。

　　Firstly, it is necessary to conduct preliminary treatment on the existing road surface to ensure its cleanliness; Subsequently, milling and planing operations are carried out to break down the existing road surface and its base layer. Pre prepared cement and new aggregates are dynamically and continuously added to the old material and thoroughly mixed to prepare a recycled mixture. After paving, the surface is shaped, and the compaction operation is completed to form the mixture; Finally, combine conventional road maintenance methods for maintenance.

　　3.2冷再生施工工艺应用

　　3.2 Key application points of cold recycling construction technology

　　3.2.1施工准备阶段

　　3.2.1 Construction Preparation Stage

　　1）施工材料。结合工程需求计算新集料需求量并备齐，检查施工现场电力供应情况，避免弱电、电压不稳定等问题，提前规划燃料使用、水资源使用情况。

　　1) Construction materials. Calculate the demand for new aggregates based on engineering requirements and prepare them in full. Check the power supply situation at the construction site to avoid problems such as weak electricity and unstable voltage. Plan the use of fuel and water resources in advance.

　　2）施工机械。结合后续施工需求配置相应施工器械，依次检查器械运行状态，确保操作人员均持证上岗，不需检查证件的则需核实操作熟练度。案例工程中需使用WR2500冷拌再生机一台、功率为135kW的平地机一台、载重15t的运输卡车3辆，50t振动压路机和1台、20t光轮压路机2台、容量为6000L的洒水车3台。

　　2) Construction machinery. Configure corresponding construction equipment according to the subsequent construction requirements, check the operation status of the equipment in sequence, and ensure that all operators are certified. If certification is not required, the proficiency of the operation needs to be verified. In the case project, one WR2500 cold mix recycling machine, one 135kW grader, three 15t transport trucks, one 50t vibratory roller, two 20t smooth wheel rollers, and three 6000L sprinkler trucks are required.

　　3）施工人员。根据施工方案配置相应的施工人员，核查施工、监察、设计等部门人员配置情况，尽量避免一人多责。

　　3) Construction personnel. According to the construction plan, allocate corresponding professional construction personnel, verify the personnel allocation of construction, supervision, design and other departments, and try to avoid one person being responsible for multiple tasks.

　　4）施工。提前对施工路段进行交通疏导，围护施工现场并设置醒目标识。

　　4) Construction safety. Advance traffic diversion for the construction section, enclose the construction site and set up prominent signs.

　　3.2.2施工阶段

　　3.2.2 Construction Phase

　　部分区域病害十分严重，已出现严重坑槽、路肩下沉或路面翻浆问题，该类路段需开挖表面并在坑中填充与原有工程级配一致的集料，填充层与路面齐平为止。根据公路改造方案在原工程上方撒布水泥，依照相关规定内容可知，此处水泥干密度值应不得超过2.213g/cm3。为确保工程质量，水泥剂量在要求的5.5%基础上提高标准6%。洒布水泥后对路面进行破碎、铣刨，过程中需通过洒水车持续在冷再生机器后洒水，确保终获得的拌和料含水率能够符合前期规划的7.2%。冷再生摊铺每进行100m后需派遣工作人员对松铺系数、横坡、高程等进行测量，不平整处需使用平地机进行及时调整，而后运行压路机进行压实，确保结构压实度能够符合97%标准。碾压已经整形完成的再生层，再次检查再生层含水率，确保该层能够保持良好含水率，湿润效果较好。再生层施工结束后封闭两端交通并进行7d洒水养护，如果施工期间天气干燥炎热则还需在再生层上方铺设一层稻草或加盖篷布，保障结构湿度。处理完成后在再生层上方铺设一层乳化沥青粘层油，厚度应不少于5mm，而后即可直接铺设沥青混凝土作为道路路面。

　　Some areas are severely affected by diseases, with serious potholes, sinking shoulders, or road surface overturning problems. For such road sections, the surface needs to be excavated and the pits filled with aggregates that are consistent with the original engineering grading until the filling layer is level with the road surface. According to the highway renovation plan, cement should be spread over the original project. According to relevant regulations, the maximum dry density of cement at this location should not exceed 2.213g/cm3. To ensure the quality of the project, the cement dosage has been increased from the required 5.5% to 6%. After spraying cement, the road surface needs to be crushed and milled. During the process, a sprinkler truck needs to be used to continuously sprinkle water after the cold recycling machine to ensure that the final moisture content of the mixed material can meet the planned 7.2%. After every 100m of cold recycling paving, staff should be dispatched to measure the loose paving coefficient, cross slope, elevation, etc. Any unevenness should be adjusted in a timely manner using a grader, and then the roller should be operated for compaction to ensure that the structural compaction degree meets the 97% standard. Roll the regenerated layer that has already been reshaped, and check the moisture content of the regenerated layer again to ensure that it can maintain good moisture content and achieve good wetting effect. After the completion of the regeneration layer construction, the traffic at both ends shall be closed and watered for 7 days for maintenance. If the weather is dry and hot during the construction period, a layer of straw or tarpaulin shall be laid above the regeneration layer to ensure the humidity of the structure. After processing, a layer of emulsified asphalt binder oil should be laid on top of the recycled layer, with a thickness of not less than 5mm, and then asphalt concrete can be directly laid as the road surface.

　　4施工质量检测

　　4. Construction quality inspection

　　4.1施工过程质量检测

　　4.1 Quality inspection during construction process

　　施工过程中需要检测再生层压实度和含水率水平以确保工程质量，由案例工程施工质量检测结果可知，案例工程施工过程中冷再生混合料在压实度、含水率等方面均能够满足相关规范要求。

　　During the construction process, it is necessary to check the compaction degree and moisture content level of the recycled layer to ensure the quality of the project. According to the construction quality inspection results of the case project, the cold recycled mixture can meet the relevant specifications in terms of compaction degree, moisture content, etc. during the construction process of the case project.

　　4.2完工质量检测

　　4.2 Completion quality inspection

　　为判断该工艺应用于公路修补施工中的应用效果，对案例工程完工后质量进行检查。取7d弯沉值和28d弯沉值、7d无侧限抗压强度为基准判断工程完工后质量水平，由检查结果可知，经就地冷再生处理后，案例工程在7d、28d弯沉值和7d无侧限抗压强度方面能够充分满足工程规范要求，表明该技术的应用有利于强化破碎公路工程路面强度，能够有效提升公路运行质量。

　　To evaluate the application effect of this technology in highway repair construction, the quality of the completed case project will be inspected. Based on the 7d deflection value, 28d deflection value, and 7d unconfined compressive strength, the quality level of the completed project can be judged. According to the inspection results, after on-site cold recycling treatment, the case project can fully meet the engineering specifications in terms of 7d, 28d deflection value, and 7d unconfined compressive strength, indicating that the application of this technology is conducive to strengthening the pavement strength of fractured highway engineering and effectively improving the quality of highway operation.

　　5结论

　　5 Conclusion

　　本研究基于某地区农村公路工程的施工案例，深入探讨了就地冷再生技术在农村公路工程中的应用，并得出以下结论：1）早期建设的农村公路由于受到多种因素的影响，在服役一段时间后可能会出现病害问题。采用就地冷再生技术，可以在节约资源的前提下，有效改善道路的使用性能；2）通过质量检测，结果表明采用就地冷再生技术处理后的农村公路质量显著提升，修复效果良好，显示出良好的应用价值。

　　This study is based on a construction case of a rural road project in a certain region, and deeply explores the application of in-situ cold recycling technology in rural road engineering. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) Early constructed rural roads may suffer from disease problems after a period of service due to various factors. By adopting on-site cold recycling technology, the performance of roads can be effectively improved while saving resources; 2) Through quality inspection, the results show that the quality of rural roads treated with on-site cold recycling technology has significantly improved, and the repair effect is good, demonstrating good application value.

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