冷再生技术作为道路养护领域的重要工艺，通过循环利用旧沥青路面材料（RAP），实现了资源节约与成本优化。在租赁设备与材料配伍过程中，需结合工程需求与环境条件，科学搭配新旧材料比例，确保再生混合料性能达标。以下从材料特性、配伍原则及施工要点三方面展开分析。

　　Cold recycling technology, as an important process in the field of road maintenance, achieves resource conservation and cost optimization by recycling old asphalt pavement materials (RAP). In the process of leasing equipment and material compatibility, it is necessary to combine engineering requirements and environmental conditions, scientifically match the ratio of new and old materials, and ensure that the performance of the recycled mixture meets the standards. The following analysis will be conducted from three aspects: material characteristics, compatibility principles, and construction points.

　　一、旧料评估与预处理技巧

　　1、 Old material evaluation and pretreatment techniques

　　冷再生施工前，需对回收的RAP进行检测，分析级配组成、沥青含量及老化程度。通过筛分试验确定旧料粒径分布，若细料不足，需补充新集料调整级配曲线；若粗料过多，则需添加再生剂软化老化沥青。对于含泥量超标的旧料，可采用水洗或风选工艺净化，确保再生混合料洁净度。

　　Before cold recycling construction, a comprehensive inspection of the recycled RAP is required, with a focus on analyzing the gradation composition, asphalt content, and aging degree. Determine the particle size distribution of old materials through screening tests. If there is insufficient fine material, new aggregate should be added to adjust the grading curve; If there is too much coarse material, a rejuvenator needs to be added to soften the aged asphalt. For old materials with excessive mud content, water washing or air selection processes can be used for purification to ensure the cleanliness of the recycled mixture.

　　二、新料选择与配比设计

　　2、 New material selection and proportioning design

　　沥青再生剂：

　　Asphalt rejuvenator:

　　根据旧沥青针入度恢复率选择再生剂类型，轻度老化沥青可选用低黏度再生剂，重度老化沥青则需高活性组分产品。实验室需通过薄膜烘箱试验验证再生沥青的延度、软化点等指标，确保其满足JTGF41-2008标准要求。

　　Select the type of rejuvenator based on the penetration recovery rate of old asphalt. Low viscosity rejuvenators can be used for mildly aged asphalt, while highly active component products are required for heavily aged asphalt. The laboratory needs to verify the ductility, softening point and other indicators of recycled asphalt through thin film oven testing to ensure that it meets the requirements of JTGF41-2008 standard.

　　水泥掺量控制：

　　Cement dosage control:

　　在乳化沥青冷再生中，水泥作为活性填料可提升早期强度。掺量需根据旧料含水量动态调整，通常控制在1.5%-2.5%之间。过量水泥会导致脆性增加，不足则影响压实度，需通过无侧限抗压强度试验确定值。

　　In the cold recycling of emulsified asphalt, cement as an active filler can enhance early strength. The dosage needs to be dynamically adjusted according to the moisture content of the old material, usually controlled between 1.5% -2.5%. Excessive cement can lead to increased brittleness, while insufficient cement can affect compaction. The optimal value needs to be determined through unconfined compressive strength testing.

　　新集料补充策略：

　　New aggregate replenishment strategy:

　　当RAP级配不满足设计要求时，需添加0-5mm石屑或5-10mm碎石调整。新增集料需与旧料具有良好的嵌挤性能，避免出现离析现象。对于重交通道路，建议补充玄武岩等硬质石料，提升混合料抗车辙能力。

　　When the RAP grading does not meet the design requirements, 0-5mm stone chips or 5-10mm crushed stones need to be added for adjustment. The newly added aggregate should have good interlocking performance with the old material to avoid segregation. For heavy traffic roads, it is recommended to supplement hard stone materials such as basalt to enhance the anti rutting ability of the mixture.

　　三、级配优化与性能验证

　　3、 Grading optimization and performance verification

　　骨架密实型设计：

　　Dense skeleton design:

　　采用贝雷法进行级配验证，确保关键筛孔通过率符合要求。对于基层再生料，4.75mm筛孔通过率宜控制在35%-45%，形成骨架密实结构，兼顾强度与抗裂性。

　　Use the Berry method for grading verification to ensure that the pass rate of key sieve holes meets the requirements. For grassroots recycled materials, the pass rate of 4.75mm sieve should be controlled at 35% -45% to form a dense skeleton structure that balances strength and crack resistance.

　　干湿劈裂强度比：

　　Dry wet splitting strength ratio:

　　实验室需制备马歇尔试件，测试15℃浸水劈裂强度与干燥劈裂强度比值。冷再生混合料该比值应达到75%以上，证明其具有良好的水稳定性。

　　Marshall specimens need to be prepared in the laboratory to test the ratio of 15 ℃ immersion splitting strength to dry splitting strength. The ratio of high-quality cold recycled mixture should reach over 75%, proving its good water stability.

　　四、施工过程控制要点

　　4、 Key points of construction process control

　　含水量动态调控：

　　Dynamic regulation of moisture content:

　　根据气温、风速等条件调整拌合用水量，确保再生料出厂含水量较含水量高1-2个百分点，补偿运输、摊铺过程中的水分蒸发。采用红外测温仪实时监测料堆温度，避免局部过湿或过干。

　　Adjust the mixing water amount according to temperature, wind speed, and other conditions to ensure that the moisture content of the recycled material at the factory is 1-2 percentage points higher than the optimal moisture content, and compensate for water evaporation during transportation and paving. Real time monitoring of the temperature of the material pile using an infrared thermometer to avoid local over wetting or over drying.

　　拌合均匀性保障：

　　Uniformity guarantee of mixing:

　　冷再生机行驶速度需与拌合深度匹配，确保新旧料充分裹覆。对于级配变异较大的旧料，可采取二次拌合工艺，先预拌后精拌，提升混合料均匀性。

　　The driving speed of the cold recycling machine needs to be matched with the mixing depth to ensure that the new and old materials are fully coated. For old materials with significant variation in gradation, a secondary mixing process can be adopted, which involves pre mixing before precision mixing to improve the uniformity of the mixture.

　　养生期管理：

　　Health Preservation Period Management:

　　乳化沥青冷再生层需封闭交通养生7天以上，期间保持表面湿润。对于水泥稳定冷再生层，需采用土工布覆盖保湿，前3天每日洒水3-4次，防止干缩裂缝产生。

　　The emulsified asphalt cold recycling layer needs to be sealed off from traffic for more than 7 days, during which the surface should be kept moist. For the cement stabilized cold recycled layer, geotextile should be used to cover and moisturize it. Water should be sprayed 3-4 times a day for the first 3 days to prevent the occurrence of shrinkage cracks.

　　冷再生租赁材料配伍需遵循“旧料活化、新料补强、级配优化、性能验证”的原则，通过精细化材料管理与施工控制，可实现再生混合料性能媲美传统热拌料的目标。随着再生剂技术的进步与智能配比系统的应用，冷再生工艺将在绿色公路建设中发挥更大价值。

　　The compatibility of cold recycled rental materials should follow the principles of "activation of old materials, reinforcement of new materials, optimization of gradation, and performance verification". Through refined material management and construction control, the goal of achieving the performance of recycled mixtures comparable to traditional hot mix materials can be achieved. With the advancement of rejuvenator technology and the application of intelligent proportioning systems, the cold regeneration process will play a greater role in the construction of green highways.

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