在道路养护作业中，冷再生机通过原位再生实现废旧沥青路面循环利用，而混合料输送管道的堵塞问题直接影响施工连续性与作业质量。通过建立涵盖材料特性、设备状态、操作规范的三维预防机制，可显著降低管道堵塞发生率，保障施工效率。

　　In road maintenance operations, the cold recycling machine achieves the recycling of waste asphalt pavement through in-situ regeneration, and the blockage problem of the mixture conveying pipeline directly affects the construction continuity and operation quality. By establishing a three-dimensional prevention mechanism that covers material characteristics, equipment status, and operating standards, the incidence of pipeline blockage can be significantly reduced, ensuring construction efficiency.

　　一、混合料特性控制：堵塞的源头治理

　　1、 Control of mixture characteristics: source control of blockage

　　混合料物理特性是管道堵塞的核心诱因，需实施三项控制措施：

　　The physical properties of the mixture are the core cause of pipeline blockage, and three control measures need to be implemented:

　　级配优化设计

　　Grading optimization design

　　采用三维激光粒度分析仪，对回收沥青路面材料（RAP）进行颗粒级配检测。确保0.075mm以下细料含量控制在8%-12%，避免因细料过多导致的粘附堵塞。

　　Using a three-dimensional laser particle size analyzer, the particle size distribution of recycled asphalt pavement material (RAP) is tested. Ensure that the content of fine materials below 0.075mm is controlled at 8% -12% to avoid adhesion blockage caused by excessive fine materials.

　　含水率精准调控

　　Accurate control of moisture content

　　通过微波在线水分仪，实时监测混合料含水率，动态调整喷水量。在环境温度25℃时，含水率控制在4.5%-5.5%，既能保证混合料工作性，又避免水分过量导致的离析。

　　By using a microwave online moisture meter, the moisture content of the mixture can be monitored in real time, and the water spray rate can be dynamically adjusted. At an ambient temperature of 25 ℃, the optimal moisture content is controlled at 4.5% -5.5%, which can ensure the workability of the mixture and avoid segregation caused by excessive moisture.

　　外加剂复合应用

　　Composite application of additives

　　引入纤维增强剂与抗剥落剂，提升混合料内聚力。聚丙烯纤维长度6-12mm，掺量0.3%，可减少骨料离析；液态抗剥落剂掺量0.5%，改善骨料与沥青的粘结性能。

　　Introducing fiber reinforcement and anti stripping agents to enhance the cohesion of the mixture. Polypropylene fibers with a length of 6-12mm and a dosage of 0.3% can reduce aggregate segregation; The dosage of liquid anti stripping agent is 0.5% to improve the bonding performance between aggregate and asphalt.

　　二、设备状态管理：构建预防性维护体系

　　2、 Equipment status management: building a preventive maintenance system

　　冷再生机设备状态直接影响管道通畅性，需建立三级维护机制：

　　The status of the cold regeneration machine equipment directly affects the smoothness of the pipeline, and a three-level maintenance mechanism needs to be established:

　　输送系统专项检查

　　Special inspection of conveying system

　　每日施工前，对输送管道进行内窥镜检测，检查弯头半径≥3D（D为管道直径）区域。采用高压空气炮管壁残料，压力控制在0.6MPa，避免损伤管壁。

　　Before daily construction, perform endoscopic inspection on the conveying pipeline, with a focus on the area where the bend radius is ≥ 3D (D is the diameter of the pipeline). Use a high-pressure air cannon to remove residual materials from the pipe wall, with a pressure controlled at 0.6 MPa to avoid damaging the pipe wall.

　　螺旋输送器优化

　　Optimization of Spiral Conveyor

　　将传统等螺距螺旋升级为变螺距设计，进料段螺距比出料段大20%，形成压力梯度。在输送粘性混合料时，可降低堵塞风险30%。

　　Upgrade the traditional equal pitch spiral to a variable pitch design, with the feed section pitch being 20% larger than the discharge section, creating a pressure gradient. When conveying viscous mixtures, the risk of blockage can be reduced by 30%.

　　液压系统升级

　　Hydraulic system upgrade

　　采用负载敏感液压系统，使输送马达转速与发动机负荷解耦。在重载工况下，系统压力波动控制在±0.5MPa以内，避免因压力突变导致的管道爆裂或漏料。

　　Adopting a load sensitive hydraulic system to decouple the speed of the conveying motor from the engine load. Under heavy load conditions, the system pressure fluctuation is controlled within ± 0.5MPa to avoid pipeline rupture or material leakage caused by sudden pressure changes.

　　三、操作规范制定：标准化作业流程

　　3、 Standard operating procedures: Standardized workflow

　　建立冷再生机操作SOP，规范关键施工参数：

　　Establish a SOP for the operation of cold recycling machines and standardize key construction parameters:

　　启动顺序控制

　　Start sequence control

　　遵循“空载启动-逐步加料-满负荷运转”的启动流程。在设备预热阶段，先以500rpm转速运行输送系统，待液压油温升40℃后再进行混合料输送。

　　Follow the start-up process of "no-load start-up - gradual feeding - full load operation". In the preheating stage of the equipment, the conveying system is first operated at a speed of 500rpm, and the mixture conveying is carried out after the hydraulic oil temperature rises to 40 ℃.

　　输送速度匹配

　　Matching of conveying speed

　　根据铣刨深度与行驶速度，动态调整输送带转速。在200mm铣刨深度时，输送带线速度控制在1.2-1.5m/s，确保混合料在管道内呈悬浮流态。

　　Dynamically adjust the conveyor belt speed based on milling depth and driving speed. At a milling depth of 200mm, the conveyor belt speed is controlled at 1.2-1.5m/s to ensure that the mixture is in a suspended state inside the pipeline.

　　停机处置程序

　　Shutdown handling procedure

　　制定“渐进式停机”预案：先停止供料，待管道内混合料排空后再关闭输送系统。紧急停机时，立即启动管道震动装置，频率30Hz，持续时间10秒，防止混合料硬化堵塞。

　　Develop a "progressive shutdown" plan: first stop feeding, and then close the conveying system after the mixture in the pipeline is emptied. In case of emergency shutdown, immediately activate the pipeline vibration device with a frequency of 30Hz and a duration of 10 seconds to prevent the mixture from hardening and blocking.

　　四、智能监控技术：构建预测性维护系统

　　4、 Intelligent monitoring technology: building a predictive maintenance system

　　引入物联网技术实现管道状态的实时监测：

　　Introducing IoT technology to achieve real-time monitoring of pipeline status:

　　压力波检测

　　Pressure wave detection

　　在管道关键节点布置压电传感器，捕捉混合料流动产生的压力脉冲。当压力波幅值衰减超20%时，自动预警管道堵塞风险。

　　Install piezoelectric sensors at key nodes of the pipeline to capture pressure pulses generated by the flow of the mixture. When the pressure wave amplitude decays by more than 20%, an automatic warning of pipeline blockage risk is issued.

　　温度场监控

　　Temperature field monitoring

　　采用红外热像仪监测管道表面温度分布，异常温升区域即潜在堵塞点。在夏季高温施工时，对管道外壁实施循环水冷却，维持表面温度<50℃。

　　Using an infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of the pipeline, the area of abnormal temperature rise is the potential blockage point. During high-temperature construction in summer, implement circulating water cooling on the outer wall of the pipeline to maintain a surface temperature below 50 ℃.

　　AI堵塞预测

　　AI blockage prediction

　　构建基于LSTM神经网络的堵塞预测模型，整合设备参数、环境数据、材料特性等22项指标，提前30分钟预测堵塞概率，准确率达85%。

　　Constructing a blockage prediction model based on LSTM neural network, integrating 22 indicators such as equipment parameters, environmental data, and material properties, predicting blockage probability 30 minutes in advance with an accuracy rate of 85%.

　　冷再生机混合料输送管道堵塞的预防，需从材料特性、设备状态、操作规范、智能监控四个维度构建系统化解决方案。通过实施全流程管控，可使管道堵塞发生率降低0.5次/千吨以下，显著提升施工连续性与作业质量。这种技术体系不仅延长设备使用寿命，更推动了道路再生养护向精细化、智能化方向发展。

　　The prevention of blockage in the mixed material conveying pipeline of the cold recycling machine requires the construction of a systematic solution from four dimensions: material characteristics, equipment status, operating standards, and intelligent monitoring. By implementing full process control, the incidence of pipeline blockage can be reduced to less than 0.5 times per thousand tons, significantly improving construction continuity and operational quality. This technological system not only extends the service life of equipment, but also promotes the development of road regeneration and maintenance towards refinement and intelligence.

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