在建筑施工领域，冷再生机凭借其、、的特点，成为旧路面改造与资源循环利用的重要设备。随着租赁模式的普及，越来越多施工单位选择租赁冷再生机完成工程。然而，冷再生机的正常运行与环境条件密切相关，充分了解其对环境的要求，不仅关系到设备性能的发挥，更影响工程质量与生态效益。

　　In the field of construction, cold recycling machines have become important equipment for old road surface renovation and resource recycling due to their high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection characteristics. With the popularization of leasing models, more and more construction units choose to lease cold recycling machines to complete projects. However, the normal operation of the cold regeneration machine is closely related to environmental conditions. Fully understanding its requirements for the environment not only affects the performance of the equipment, but also affects the quality of the project and ecological benefits.

　　一、气候条件对冷再生机租赁使用的影响

　　1、 The impact of climate conditions on the rental and use of cold recycling machines

　　温度环境：冷再生机的作业对温度有一定要求。适宜的作业温度通常在 5℃ - 35℃之间。温度过低时，路面材料变得坚硬，冷再生机的刀具磨损加剧，设备动力系统的效率降低，液压油黏度增加，导致设备启动困难、运行阻力增大；同时，添加剂与旧路面材料的化学反应也会受到抑制，影响再生混合料的质量。当温度过高时，一方面，设备的发动机、液压系统容易过热，出现故障的概率大幅上升，如发动机功率下降、液压系统泄漏等；另一方面，再生混合料中的水分蒸发过快，不利于材料的均匀拌和与压实成型。因此，在极端气温条件下租赁使用冷再生机，需采取特殊措施，如冬季对设备进行预热、添加低温适用的润滑油和液压油，夏季加强设备的散热，合理安排作业时间，避开高温时段。

　　Temperature environment: The operation of the cold regeneration machine has certain temperature requirements. The suitable operating temperature is usually between 5 ℃ and 35 ℃. When the temperature is too low, the road surface material becomes hard, the tool wear of the cold recycling machine intensifies, the efficiency of the equipment power system decreases, the viscosity of the hydraulic oil increases, resulting in difficulty in starting the equipment and increased operating resistance; At the same time, the chemical reaction between additives and old pavement materials will also be inhibited, affecting the quality of recycled mixtures. When the temperature is too high, on the one hand, the engine and hydraulic system of the equipment are prone to overheating, and the probability of failure increases significantly, such as a decrease in engine power, hydraulic system leakage, etc; On the other hand, the rapid evaporation of moisture in the recycled mixture is not conducive to the uniform mixing and compaction of the material. Therefore, in extreme temperature conditions, special measures need to be taken to lease and use cold regeneration machines, such as preheating the equipment in winter, adding lubricating oil and hydraulic oil suitable for low temperature, strengthening equipment heat dissipation in summer, arranging operation time reasonably, and avoiding high temperature periods.

　　湿度与降水：环境湿度和降水情况对冷再生机作业影响显著。湿度较大或连续降雨时，旧路面材料含水量过高，会使再生混合料的含水率超标，导致混合料黏附性变差，难以压实，成型后的路面强度和稳定性下降。此外，潮湿环境还会加速设备金属部件的锈蚀，影响冷再生机的使用寿命，尤其是刀具、搅拌装置等关键部件。因此，在雨天或湿度较大的环境中，应避免使用冷再生机作业，若工期紧张无法避免，需提前对路面进行排水处理，如设置排水沟、使用排水设备等，并适当调整添加剂的用量，以保证再生混合料的质量；同时，加强设备的防潮防锈措施，作业结束后及时对设备进行清洁和保养。

　　Humidity and precipitation: Environmental humidity and precipitation have a significant impact on the operation of cold recycling machines. When the humidity is high or there is continuous rainfall, the moisture content of the old pavement material is too high, which will cause the moisture content of the recycled mixture to exceed the standard, resulting in poor adhesion of the mixture, difficulty in compaction, and a decrease in the strength and stability of the formed pavement. In addition, humid environments can accelerate the corrosion of equipment metal components, affecting the service life of cold recycling machines, especially key components such as cutting tools and mixing devices. Therefore, in rainy days or environments with high humidity, the use of cold recycling machines should be avoided. If the schedule is tight and cannot be avoided, the road surface should be drained in advance, such as setting up drainage ditches, using drainage equipment, etc., and adjusting the amount of additives appropriately to ensure the quality of the recycled mixture; At the same time, strengthen the moisture-proof and rust proof measures of the equipment, and clean and maintain the equipment in a timely manner after the operation is completed.

　　二、地形与场地条件的适配要求

　　2、 Adaptation requirements for terrain and site conditions

　　地形坡度：冷再生机适宜在平坦或坡度较小的场地作业。当作业场地坡度较大时，设备容易出现偏移，导致行驶稳定性下降，增加设备倾覆的风险；同时，在坡面上进行破碎、拌和等作业时，刀具受力不均匀，会加剧磨损，影响作业效果和设备寿命。一般来说，冷再生机作业场地的坡度不宜超过 15°。若施工场地坡度超出限制，需对场地进行平整处理，或采取特殊的防护措施，如在设备上安装防滑链、设置牵引装置等，确保设备运行。

　　Terrain slope: The cold recycling machine is suitable for operating on flat or low slope sites. When the slope of the work site is large, the equipment is prone to center of gravity deviation, which leads to a decrease in driving stability and increases the risk of equipment overturning; At the same time, when crushing, mixing and other operations are carried out on the slope, the uneven force on the cutting tools will intensify wear and affect the operation effect and equipment life. Generally speaking, the slope of the cold recycling machine operation site should not exceed 15 °. If the slope of the construction site exceeds the limit, the site needs to be leveled or special safety protection measures should be taken, such as installing anti-skid chains on equipment, setting up traction devices, etc., to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

　　场地平整度与承载力：冷再生机运行需要坚实、平整的场地。不平整的场地会使设备在行驶和作业过程中产生颠簸，影响破碎和拌和的均匀性，降低再生混合料的质量；同时，颠簸还会对设备的零部件造成冲击，加速设备损坏。此外，若场地承载力不足，冷再生机在作业时可能会出现下陷，导致设备无法正常运行，甚损坏设备。因此，在租赁冷再生机前，需对施工场地进行勘察和评估，确保场地平整度符合要求，对松软场地进行压实处理，或铺设钢板等增强场地承载力，为冷再生机提供良好的作业基础。

　　Flatness and bearing capacity of the site: The operation of the cold recycling machine requires a solid and flat site. Uneven terrain can cause equipment to experience bumps during driving and operation, affecting the uniformity of crushing and mixing, and reducing the quality of recycled mixtures; At the same time, bumps can also cause impact on the components of the equipment, accelerating equipment damage. In addition, if the bearing capacity of the site is insufficient, the cold recycling machine may sink during operation, causing the equipment to malfunction and even damage it. Therefore, before leasing a cold recycling machine, it is necessary to conduct a survey and evaluation of the construction site to ensure that the flatness of the site meets the requirements. The soft site should be compacted or steel plates should be laid to enhance the bearing capacity of the site, providing a good working foundation for the cold recycling machine.

　　三、周边环境因素的考量

　　3、 Consideration of surrounding environmental factors

　　噪音与振动控制：冷再生机在作业过程中会产生较大的噪音和振动，对周边居民生活和建筑物造成影响。在居民区、学校、医院等噪声敏感区域施工时，需严格遵守当地的噪音排放标准，合理安排作业时间，避免在居民休息时段进行高噪音作业；同时，可采取降噪措施，如安装隔音装置、使用低噪音刀具等，降低设备运行噪音。对于周边的建筑物，尤其是老旧建筑或对振动敏感的精密仪器设备，过大的振动可能导致建筑物结构损坏或仪器设备精度下降。因此，在施工前需对周边建筑物进行评估，必要时采取隔振措施，如设置隔振沟、使用隔振材料等，减少振动对周边环境的影响。

　　Noise and vibration control: The cold regeneration machine will generate significant noise and vibration during operation, which will have an impact on the lives of surrounding residents and buildings. When constructing in noise sensitive areas such as residential areas, schools, hospitals, etc., it is necessary to strictly comply with local noise emission standards, arrange work time reasonably, and avoid high noise operations during residents' rest periods; At the same time, noise reduction measures can be taken, such as installing sound insulation devices, using low-noise cutting tools, etc., to reduce the operating noise of the equipment. For surrounding buildings, especially old buildings or precision instruments and equipment that are sensitive to vibration, excessive vibration may cause structural damage to the building or a decrease in the accuracy of the instruments and equipment. Therefore, before construction, it is necessary to evaluate the surrounding buildings and take vibration isolation measures if necessary, such as setting up vibration isolation trenches, using vibration isolation materials, etc., to reduce the impact of vibration on the surrounding environment.

　　粉尘污染防治：冷再生机破碎旧路面材料时会产生大量粉尘，不仅污染空气环境，危害施工人员和周边居民的身体健康，还可能影响设备的正常运行，如粉尘进入发动机、液压系统等部件，会加速设备磨损，降低设备性能。因此，在租赁使用冷再生机时，需配备有效的粉尘防治措施，如安装喷水降尘装置，在作业过程中持续喷水，抑制粉尘飞扬；同时，为施工人员配备防尘口罩等防护用品，保障人员健康；对施工现场周边的道路进行定期清扫和洒水，减少粉尘扩散。

　　Dust pollution prevention and control: When the cold recycling machine crushes old road materials, it generates a large amount of dust, which not only pollutes the air environment and endangers the health of construction workers and surrounding residents, but also may affect the normal operation of equipment. For example, dust entering components such as engines and hydraulic systems can accelerate equipment wear and reduce equipment performance. Therefore, when renting and using a cold recycling machine, effective dust prevention measures should be equipped, such as installing a water spray dust reduction device, continuously spraying water during the operation process to suppress dust flying; At the same time, equip construction personnel with dust masks and other protective equipment to ensure their health; Regularly clean and sprinkle water on the roads around the construction site to reduce dust dispersion.

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