1、推土机的分类

1. Classification of bulldozers

推土机是以履带式或轮胎式拖拉机牵引车为主机，再配置悬式铲刀的自行式铲土运输机械。主要进行短距离推运土方、石渣等作业。推土机作业时，依靠机械的牵引力，完成土壤的切割和推运。配置其他工作装置可完成铲土、运土、填土、平地、压实以及松土、除根、石块杂物等作业，是土方工程中广泛使用的施工机械。

A bulldozer is a self-propelled earthmoving machinery that uses a tracked or tire tractor tractor tractor as the main engine and is equipped with a suspended shovel. Mainly engaged in short distance earthwork, stone slag and other operations. When bulldozers operate, they rely on mechanical traction to complete the cutting and transportation of soil. Equipped with other working devices, it can complete operations such as shoveling, transporting, filling, leveling, compacting, loosening, rooting, and removing stone debris. It is a widely used construction machinery in earthwork engineering.

按行走装置不同分为履带式和轮式推土机。履带式推土机附着性能好，接地比压小，通过性好，爬坡能力强，但行驶速度低，适用于条件较差地带作业；轮式推土机行驶速度快，灵活性好，不破坏路面，但牵引力小，通过性差。

According to different walking devices, bulldozers are divided into tracked and wheeled bulldozers. Crawler bulldozers have good adhesion performance, low grounding pressure, good passability, strong climbing ability, but low driving speed, suitable for operation in areas with poor conditions; Wheel bulldozers have fast driving speed, good flexibility, and do not damage the road surface, but have low traction and poor trafficability.

按传动形式分为机械传动、液力机械传动和全液压传动三种。液力机械传动应用广。

According to the transmission form, it is divided into three types: mechanical transmission, hydraulic mechanical transmission, and fully hydraulic transmission. Hydromechanical transmission is widely used.

按发动机功率分为轻型、中型和大型推土机，轻型发动机功率小于75kw，中型发动机功率为75~225kw，大型发动机功率大于225kw。

According to engine power, bulldozers are divided into light, medium, and large types. The power of light engines is less than 75kw, the power of medium engines is 75-225kw, and the power of large engines is greater than 225kw.

按用途分为通用型和专用型两种。

It can be divided into two types according to its purpose: universal type and specialized type.

按工作装置形式分为直铲式和角铲式。

According to the form of working equipment, it is divided into straight shovel type and angle shovel type.

2、推土机的基本构造

2. Basic structure of bulldozers

冷再生机租赁厂家提醒，履带式推土机以履带式拖拉机配置推土铲刀而成，轮胎式推土机以轮式牵引车配置推土铲刀而成。有些推土机后部装有松土器，遇到坚硬土质时，先用松土器松土，然后再推土。推土机主要由发动机、底盘、液压系统、电气系统、工作装置和辅助设备等组成。

Cold recycling machine rental manufacturers remind that tracked bulldozers are equipped with bulldozers for tracked tractors, while tire bulldozers are equipped with bulldozers for wheeled tractors. Some bulldozers are equipped with a scarifier at the back. When encountering hard soil, the scarifier is used to loosen the soil first, and then the soil is pushed. The bulldozer mainly consists of an engine, chassis, hydraulic system, electrical system, working equipment, and auxiliary equipment.

3、推土机的选择

3. Selection of bulldozers

在工程施工中，应选择技术性和经济性适合的推土机，主要从下四个方面考虑。

In engineering construction, bulldozers that are technically and economically suitable should be selected, mainly considering the following four aspects.

(1)土方工程量

(1) Earthwork quantity

当土方量大而且集中，应选用大型推土机；土方量小而且分散，应选用中、小型推土机；土质条件允许时，应选用轮胎式推土机。

When the earthwork volume is large and concentrated, large bulldozers should be used; Small and dispersed earthwork volume, medium and small bulldozers should be selected; When soil conditions permit, tire type bulldozers should be used.

(2)土的性质

(2) Properties of soil

一般推土机均适合于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级土施工或Ⅲ、Ⅳ级土预松后施工。如土质较密实、坚硬，或冬季冻土，应选择重型推土机，或带松土器的推土机。如土质属潮湿软泥，好选用宽履带的湿地推土机。

Generally, bulldozers are suitable for construction of Class I and II soil or construction of Class III and IV soil after pre loosening. If the soil is dense, hard, or frozen in winter, heavy bulldozers or bulldozers with scarifiers should be selected. If the soil is moist and soft, it is recommended to use a wide track wetland bulldozer.

(3)施工条件

(3) Construction conditions

修筑半挖半填的傍山坡道，可选用角铲式推土机；在水下作业，可选用水下推土机；在市区施工，应选用能够满足当地部门要求的低噪声推土机。

For the construction of hillside slopes with half excavation and half filling, angle shovel bulldozers can be used; Underwater bulldozers can be used for underwater operations; In urban construction, low-noise bulldozers that can meet the requirements of local environmental protection departments should be selected.

(4)作业条件

(4) Operating conditions

根据施工作业的多种要求，为减少投入机械台数和扩大机械作业范围，好选择多功能推土机。

According to the various requirements of construction operations, in order to reduce the number of machinery input and expand the scope of mechanical operations, it is advisable to choose multifunctional bulldozers.

对推土机选型时，还必须考虑其经济性，即单位成本低。单位土方成本决定于机械使用费和机械生产率。在选择机型时，结合施工现场情况，根据有关参数及经验资料，按台班费用定额计算单方成本，经过分析比较，选择生产率高、单方成本低的合适机型。还有什么事项就来我们网站http://www.tclqgc.com咨询吧！

When selecting bulldozers, we must also consider their economy, that is, low Unit cost. The unit earthwork cost is determined by the machinery usage fee and machinery productivity. When selecting a machine model, based on the construction site situation, relevant parameters and empirical data, calculate the unit cost according to the unit shift cost quota. After analysis and comparison, choose a suitable machine model with high productivity and low unit cost. If there are any other matters, please come to our website http://www.tclqgc.com Consult!